Endsley’s Levels of Situational Awareness—Clarity, Limits, and Proper Use
Endsley’s model of Situational Awareness did not emerge from combat maneuver or competitive decision-making. It emerged from a different problem set entirely: why highly trained professionals in high-risk, technology-dense environments were still making catastrophic errors despite having access to abundant information. The framework was developed by Mica Endsley, a cognitive psychologist and human factors scientist whose…
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